Small modular reactors represent a flexible and efficient energy source, which can help achieving sustainable development.
Small modular reactors (SMRs) represent a transformative shift in nuclear technology, being a strategic technology for industrial decarbonisation. SMRs promise versatile and affordable energy solutions from local district heating to heavy industry.
They are a class of fission reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 Megawatts electric (MWe) per unit, which is about one third of the capacity of traditional nuclear reactors. SMRs are part of the response to the demand for reliable low-carbon energy solutions that will enable European industry to remain strong and competitive while driving the energy transition towards a carbon-neutral future by 2050.
A more flexible and efficient source of nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is increasingly considered a complementary source to renewable energy, enhancing the overall grid stability and building a resilient and cleaner energy system. SMRs and advanced modular reactors (AMRs) can enable more flexible deployment and integration with other energy sources in the energy mix, thereby achieving sustainable development in the future.
The European Commission is addressing and will try to solve the energy trilemma by investing in SMRs:
- Decarbonisation and sustainability
Nuclear is a credible, secure and cost-efficient building block in a decarbonised electricity mix.
- Security of supply
Nuclear can help satisfy growing electricity demand driven by electrification.
- Affordability and competitiveness
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions.
The potential for SMRs and AMRs to contribute to the European Union’s decarbonisation commitments is multifaceted, spanning the power sector, industrial heating, and low-carbon hydrogen production.
Ensuring safety, security and safeguards of small modular reactors
Currently, over 100 SMR models are being developed in 19 countries worldwide, including 13 EU countries. SMRs are a promising and growing technology, but it’s crucial to make sure that they are safe to use.
For this reason, the JRC supports research and development activities to ensure that SMRs meet high safety standards and carries out assessments against several criteria including:
- Safety, security and safeguards
- Affordability
- Waste minimisation
- Potential contribution to EU goals (decarbonisation, energy security and sovereignty).
Reinforcing Europe’s leadership in nuclear innovation, safety, and sustainability.
Ensuring that small modular reactors comply with security and non-proliferation standards.
Evaluating the safety of innovative nuclear fuels through advanced experimental investigations.
Studying material behaviours under irradiation to develop innovative SMR systems.