Biofuels & Bioenergy: Sustainability of bioenergy from wastes and residues

In the current versions of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and the Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), biofuels produced from residues and wastes are promoted by counting double toward the targets of the directives (e.g. 10% share of renewable energy in transport) and by assigning zero GHG emissions from upstream operations.
However, direct and indirect environmental and economic impacts of an increased use of wastes and residues for bioenergy implementation must be assessed, including also the analysis of their alternative uses.